![]() Coincidentally one of the Royal Institution's assistants, John Payne, was sacked and Sir Humphry Davy had been asked to find a replacement thus he appointed Faraday as Chemical Assistant at the Royal Institution on 1 March 1813. In 1813, when Davy damaged his eyesight in an accident with nitrogen trichloride, he decided to employ Faraday as an assistant. Davy's reply was immediate, kind, and favourable. Faraday subsequently sent Davy a 300-page book based on notes that he had taken during these lectures. Many of the tickets for these lectures were given to Faraday by William Dance, who was one of the founders of the Royal Philharmonic Society. In 1812, at the age of 20 and at the end of his apprenticeship, Faraday attended lectures by the eminent English chemist Humphry Davy of the Royal Institution and the Royal Society, and John Tatum, founder of the City Philosophical Society. Adult life Portrait of Faraday in 1842 by Thomas Phillips Faraday was particularly inspired by the book Conversations on Chemistry by Jane Marcet. ![]() He also developed an interest in science, especially in electricity. During this period, Faraday held discussions with his peers in the City Philosophical Society where he attended lectures about various scientific topics. During his seven-year apprenticeship Faraday read many books, including Isaac Watts's The Improvement of the Mind, and he enthusiastically implemented the principles and suggestions contained therein. Īt the age of 14 he became an apprentice to George Riebau, a local bookbinder and bookseller in Blandford Street. The young Michael Faraday, who was the third of four children, having only the most basic school education, had to educate himself. Michael was born in the autumn of that year. James Faraday moved his wife, Margaret (née Hastwell), and two children to London during the winter of 1790 from Outhgill in Westmorland, where he had been an apprentice to the village blacksmith. His father, James, was a member of the Glasite sect of Christianity. Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in Newington Butts, Surrey (which is now part of the London Borough of Southwark). Physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, "When we consider the magnitude and extent of his discoveries and their influence on the progress of science and of industry, there is no honour too great to pay to the memory of Faraday, one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time." Biography Early life On Faraday's uses of lines of force, Maxwell wrote that they show Faraday "to have been in reality a mathematician of a very high order – one from whom the mathematicians of the future may derive valuable and fertile methods." The SI unit of capacitance is named in his honour: the farad.Īlbert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of Arthur Schopenhauer and James Clerk Maxwell. James Clerk Maxwell took the work of Faraday and others and summarized it in a set of equations which is accepted as the basis of all modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. Faraday was an experimentalist who conveyed his ideas in clear and simple language his mathematical abilities, however, did not extend as far as trigonometry and were limited to the simplest algebra. Faraday ultimately became the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution, a lifetime position. ![]() Īs a chemist, Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as " anode", " cathode", " electrode" and " ion". His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology. He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. Faraday also established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. It was by his research on the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. Although Faraday received little formal education, as a self-made man, he was one of the most influential scientists in history. His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. ![]() Michael Faraday FRS ( / ˈ f ær ə d eɪ, - d i/ 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
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